Metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to yield salt, CO₂, and water.

Olfactory indicators are those substances whose smell changes in acidic or basic media. The sources list onion, vanilla, and clove as olfactory indicators.

The digestive system uses HCl; antacids are used to neutralize excess acid.

Sodium Hydroxide is prepared through the Chlor-Alkali process.

Plaster of Paris is derived by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O).

Bases that are soluble in water are specifically called alkalis.

Weak acid + strong base yields a basic salt.

Non-metallic oxides behave as acidic oxides since they react with bases to produce salt and water (e.g., CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂).

Baking Soda (NaHCO₃) decomposes when heated to yield Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃), CO₂, and H₂O.

Salts having the same positive or negative radicals (e.g., NaCl and Na₂SO₄ share Na⁺) are considered to belong to the same family.

Weak acids, such as CH₃COOH, produce fewer H⁺ ions compared to strong acids like HCl or H₂SO₄.

HCl gas ionises in water to form hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and Cl⁻ ions.

Acids and bases ionise only in aqueous solution; dry HCl gas requires water to produce the H⁺ ions necessary for acidity.

Tooth decay starts when the mouth’s pH is less than 5.5, which damages tooth enamel.

The salt formed from a strong acid and strong base is neutral.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH > 7 indicates a basic solution.

Washing Soda is Na₂CO₃·10H₂O.

This is the definition of water of crystallisation.

The presence of hydrogen gas evolved from the reaction of acids with metals is confirmed through the soap bubble test.

Acids react with metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas (H₂).

Because the process is exothermic, acid must always be added slowly to water, and never water to the concentrated acid.

Uses listed include bleaching textiles/paper, acting as an oxidizing agent, and disinfecting water.

The methanoic acid from stings can be neutralized by applying mild bases like baking soda.

Acid rain is defined by a pH value less than 5.6, which affects aquatic life.

This is the definition of a neutralisation reaction.

Dilution reduces the concentration of H⁺ or OH⁻ ions per unit volume.

CO₂ gas is tested using lime water.

Plaster of Paris (POP) is used for setting fractured bones.

Bleaching Powder (Ca(ClO)₂) is prepared by reacting Cl₂ with slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂).

Metallic oxides react with acids to form salt and water, indicating they behave as basic oxides.