12 Chemistry – Biomolecules
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This is the focus of section 10.1.5.
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1. The overall function or Importance of Carbohydrates is primarily related to their role as:
This is wrong answer.
Yes. You are Correct.
Carbohydrates serve crucial functions, particularly providing energy and acting as storage molecules.
The two main preparation methods are listed under this heading.
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2. What is the source material used for the commercial preparation of Glucose via hydrolysis, according to the sources?
Glucose can be prepared from both sucrose and starch.
This implies a lack of overall charge influence from the side chains.
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3. What type of amino acid classification refers to those containing an equal number of carboxyl (-COOH) and amino (-NH₂) groups?
Amino acids with equal numbers of acidic and basic groups are classified as Neutral.
This classification relates to the body’s ability to produce them.
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4. Amino acids are classified as Essential when they:
Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize.
Maltose is one of the three disaccharides listed.
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5. Which disaccharide, upon hydrolysis, yields two units of Glucose?
Maltose yields two units of glucose upon hydrolysis.
Starch has both a linear and a branched component.
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6. The polysaccharide Starch is composed of which two structural components?
Starch consists of Amylose and Amylopectin.
Starch is a polymer of glucose.
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7. What compound is formed when starch is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, providing one of the preparation methods for glucose?
Hydrolysis of starch (a preparation method for glucose) yields Glucose.
This contrasts with essential amino acids.
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8. Amino acids that the body can synthesize on its own are termed:
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body are classified as Non-essential.
All these terms relate to the structural analysis of this specific compound.
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9. Which complex structure is defined by the components Pyranose structure, D- and L-notations, Cyclic Structure, Anomers, and Haworth structure?
These structural details are all listed specifically under the section Structure of Glucose.
This means the basic character predominates.
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10. Amino acids that contain a greater number of amino (-NH₂) groups than carboxyl (-COOH) groups are classified as:
Amino acids are classified as Basic if they have more basic groups than acidic groups.
This concept is listed under the cyclic structure of Glucose.
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11. The two cyclic forms of glucose, distinguished by the configuration at C₁ (in the cyclic structure), are specifically referred to as:
The two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose (α and β) are called anomers.
The acidic character prevails in the molecule.
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12. Which type of amino acid classification applies when the amino acid contains an excess of carboxyl (-COOH) groups?
Amino acids are classified as Acidic if the number of carboxyl groups exceeds the number of amino groups.
This system relates the configuration to glyceraldehyde.
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13. What notation system is used to specify the configuration (spatial arrangement) of chiral carbon atoms in monosaccharides like glucose?
D- and L-notations are used to specify the configuration of glucose.
Check the descriptions of the two starch components.
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14. Which component of Starch is a water-soluble linear polymer?
Amylose is the water-soluble component of starch.
This is the specific terminology used to describe the cyclic form of glucose.
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15. The six-membered ring structure of Glucose is specifically named after which heterocycle?
The six-membered ring structure of glucose is referred to as the Pyranose structure.
This intermediate class includes disaccharides.
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16. Carbohydrates that yield two to ten monosaccharide units upon hydrolysis are classified as:
Oligosaccharides are defined as carbohydrates that yield between two and ten monosaccharide units upon hydrolysis. Disaccharides are specifically mentioned as examples of oligosaccharides.
This is the final disaccharide listed in the sources.
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17. Which disaccharide is commonly found in milk?
Lactose is the specific disaccharide associated with milk.
These molecules yield two monosaccharide units upon hydrolysis.
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18. Which class of carbohydrates includes Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose?
Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose are examples of Disaccharides.
Amylose is the linear part of starch.
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19. Which component of Starch (Amylose) primarily consists of α-D-glucose units joined by C₁-C₄ glycosidic linkages (linear chain structure)?
Amylose is the linear component of starch.
Sucrose is a common disaccharide listed in the sources.
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20. Which two components are formed upon the hydrolysis of Sucrose?
Sucrose, upon hydrolysis, yields Glucose and Fructose.
This notation is used along with Pyranose structure.
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21. What term is used to describe the simplified three-dimensional representation of the cyclic structure of glucose?
The cyclic structure of glucose is often represented using the Haworth structure.
This is often called animal starch.
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22. Which polysaccharide acts as the primary storage molecule for energy in animal bodies?
Glycogen is listed as a polysaccharide and functions as the storage molecule in animals.
This is a highly fibrous structural polysaccharide.
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23. Which polysaccharide is the main constituent of the cell wall in plants?
Cellulose is listed as a polysaccharide and is known for its structural role in plants.
They are the simplest carbohydrate units.
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24. How many monosaccharide units does a Monosaccharide yield upon hydrolysis?
Monosaccharides cannot be hydrolysed further to simpler units.
It is the simplest unit of carbohydrate structure.
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25. What type of carbohydrate is Glucose classified as?
Glucose is explicitly classified under Monosaccharides.
This structure is unique to fructose among the specified monosaccharides.
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26. Which structural feature is specifically studied under Fructose?
The Furanose structure is listed as a specific structural feature of Fructose.
This structure resembles animal glycogen.
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27. The water-insoluble, highly branched component of Starch is:
Amylopectin is the water-insoluble, highly branched component of starch.
Proteins are complex polymers of these simple molecules.
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28. What are the basic units, or building blocks, of Proteins?
Proteins are polymers of Amino Acids.
Amino acids are the building blocks of this class.
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29. What type of molecule is formed when amino acids link together via peptide bonds to create large, complex structures?
Amino acids polymerize to form Proteins.
This is analogous to the Pyranose structure of glucose.
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30. The five-membered cyclic structure adopted by Fructose is known as:
Fructose has a five-membered ring structure referred to as the Furanose structure.
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