12 Chemistry - Coordination Compounds

12 Chemistry – Coordination Compounds

The number of attempts remaining is 3

d2sp3 corresponds to a coordination number of 6.

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1. If a complex uses d²sp³ hybridisation according to VBT, what is the expected geometry of the coordination polyhedron?

1. Octahedral

2. Tetrahedral

3. Square planar

4. Trigonal bipyramidal

Consider the nature of the ligands attached.

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2. A complex is termed Homoleptic if:

1. The central metal atom is bound to only one kind of ligand.

2. The central metal atom is bound to two or more different kinds of ligands.

3. The overall charge is zero.

4. It exhibits optical isomerism.

Anionic ligands end in ‘-o’.

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3. In the context of nomenclature, if a ligand is negatively charged, how is the name modified before the central metal atom is named?

1. Suffix '-o' is added.

2. Suffix '-ium' is added.

3. Suffix '-ate' is added.

4. No change is made.

This theory uses hybridisation concepts (e.g., sp3, d2sp3).

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4. Which theory attempts to explain the bonding in coordination compounds by considering the overlap of filled ligand orbitals with vacant metal orbitals to form coordinate bonds?

1. Crystal Field Theory (CFT)

2. Valence Bond Theory (VBT)

3. Werner's Theory

4. Molecular Orbital Theory

This requires both the cation and anion to be complex ions.

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5. The isomerism exhibited by complexes like [Co(NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6] [CoNH3)6] [CrCN6], where ligands are exchanged between cationic and anionic entities, is called ionization isomerism.

1. Linkage Isomerism

2. Ionisation Isomerism

3. Coordination Isomerism

4. Solvate Isomerism

These ligands usually lead to increased stability.

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6. A ligand that attaches to a central metal ion through two or more donor atoms to form a ring structure is known as a:

1. Unidentate ligand

2. Didentate ligand

3. Mononuclear entity

4. Chelate ligand

Count the points of attachment, not just the number of ligands.

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7. In a coordination entity, the number of ligand donor atoms directly attached to the central metal atom/ion is defined as the:

1. Oxidation number

2. Effective atomic number

3. Coordination number

4. Primary valence

Check the list of examples provided in section 5.2 (f).

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8. Which geometrical arrangement of ligands around the central metal ion is NOT listed as an example of a Coordination Polyhedron in the sources?

1. Octahedral

2. Tetrahedral

3. Square planar

4. T-shaped

CFT treats ligands as simple charged entities.

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9. In the context of the Crystal Field Theory (CFT), what is the primary assumption regarding the interaction between the metal ion and the ligands?

1. Ligands overlap their orbitals covalently with metal orbitals.

2. Electrons are shared equally between the metal and ligand.

3. The primary valence determines geometry.

4. The interaction is purely electrostatic.

Think of the Lewis acid/base definition relative to ligands.

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10. The definition of the Central Atom/Ion in a coordination entity specifies that it acts as an acceptor of:

1. Cations

2. Electron pairs

3. Neutral molecules

4. Protons

Water is the solvent here.

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11. The type of isomerism resulting from the difference in whether water molecules are coordinated directly to the metal ion or present as free solvent molecules in the crystal lattice is called:

1. Ionisation Isomerism

2. Linkage Isomerism

3. Solvate Isomerism

4. Geometrical Isomerism

This involves non-superimposable mirror images.

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12. Optical Isomerism in coordination compounds is observed when the complex:

1. Has only unidentate ligands.

2. Shows different linkage modes.

3. Exchanges counter ions with ligands.

4. Forms non-superimposable mirror images.

Think about what VBT fails to explain well, particularly colour and quantitative magnetism.

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13. Which of the following is listed as a major limitation of the Valence Bond Theory (VBT)?

1. It predicts geometrical shapes accurately.

2. It does not provide a quantitative interpretation of magnetic data.

3. It satisfactorily explains linkage isomerism.

4. It accurately predicts the existence of d-d transitions.

Primary valences are typically ionisable.

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14. According to Werner’s Theory of coordination compounds, which valence is responsible for satisfying the primary valence of the central metal atom?

1. Coordination number

2. Ligands

3. Secondary valence

4. Anions

Octahedral is CN=6. Consider the other listed options.

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15. Which of the following coordination polyhedra requires a coordination number of 4?

1. Square pyramidal

2. Trigonal bipyramidal

3. Octahedral

4. Square planar

These isomers give different ions in solution.

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16. The type of structural isomerism where the difference between isomers lies in whether a counter ion is present inside or outside the coordination sphere is called:

1. Ionisation Isomerism

2. Linkage Isomerism

3. Geometrical Isomerism

4. Solvate Isomerism

It is the hypothetical charge the metal would bear if all ligands were removed as neutral species or anions.

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17. How is the Oxidation Number of the central atom defined in a coordination entity?

1. The total charge of the coordination sphere

2. The number of ligands attached

3. The coordination number

4. The charge on the central atom after ligand removal

Ligands are named before the central metal.

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18. In the systematic nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, what is the convention for naming the ligands?

1. They are named based on their charge.

2. They are named before the central metal, in alphabetical order.

3. Only neutral ligands are named.

4. They are named after the central metal.

This relates to the relative spatial positions of ligands.

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19. Geometrical Isomerism is a type of Stereoisomerism that primarily arises in complexes due to:

1. Exchange of ligands between spheres

2. Difference in solvent molecules

3. Different spatial arrangements of ligands

4. Formation of ring structures

This theory considers the ligands as point charges.

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20. The separation of d orbitals into two sets of different energy levels when ligands approach the central metal ion is the fundamental premise of which bonding theory?

1. Crystal Field Theory (CFT)

2. Valence Bond Theory (VBT)

3. Molecular Orbital Theory

4. VSEPR Theory

Everything inside the bracket is the non-ionisable part.

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21. What is the primary role of the square bracket notation [M Lx]y in defining a coordination compound?

1. Indicating the total charge of the counter ions.

2. Defining the coordination entity.

3. Showing the ionisable part of the compound.

4. Separating primary and secondary valencies.

This involves the point of attachment of an ambidentate ligand.

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22. The type of structural isomerism that arises when the ligand itself contains different potential donor sites, such as SCN⁻ or NO₂⁻, is known as:

1. Ionisation Isomerism

2. Coordination Isomerism

3. Solvate Isomerism

4. Linkage Isomerism

The arrangement of the ligands must be fixed relative to each other.

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23. Which factor is crucial for a complex to exhibit Geometrical Isomerism?

1. It must have a coordination number of 3.

2. The complex must be heteroleptic and have rigid geometric arrangement.

3. It must be a homoleptic complex.

4. The metal must be in a +2 oxidation state.

These ligands are responsible for the ‘chelate effect’.

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24. Which type of ligand is specifically listed in the sources as contributing to the formation of stable ring structures?

1. Chelate ligands

2. Mononuclear ligands

3. Unidentate ligands

4. Ambidentate ligands

Contrast this with homoleptic complexes.

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25. Complexes where the central metal ion is bound to two or more different kinds of donor groups/ligands are termed:

1. Mononuclear

2. Homoleptic

3. Polydentate

4. Heteroleptic

This includes the central atom and its attached ligands, usually enclosed in brackets.

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26. What does the term Coordination Sphere refer to in a coordination compound?

1. The counter ions outside the bracket.

2. The space occupied by the crystal lattice.

3. The total number of atoms in the complex.

4. The central atom/ion and the ligands attached to it.

Think of ligands like NO2- or SCN-

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27. What is the term used to describe a ligand that can bind to the central metal atom/ion through two different atoms?

1. Didentate ligand

2. Ambidentate ligand

3. Chelate ligand

4. Unidentate ligand

It must have multiple donor sites.

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28. What does a Polydentate Ligand signify?

1. A ligand that binds through only one donor atom.

2. A ligand that binds through multiple donor atoms.

3. A ligand that is negatively charged.

4. A ligand that forms an ionic bond.

Diamagnetism is associated with the absence of this feature.

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29. According to VBT, a complex is generally considered diamagnetic if:

1. It has a high oxidation number.

2. It contains no unpaired electrons.

3. It is a heteroleptic complex.

4. It exhibits d²sp³ hybridisation.

Low spin means fewer unpaired electrons due to pairing.

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30. According to VBT, what does the term ‘low spin’ complex refer to?

1. A complex with sp³hybridisation.

2. A complex formed by weak field ligands.

3. A complex with high magnetic moment.

4. A complex with maximum electron pairing.

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