What unit is generally used to express the concentration of pollutants or trace chemicals in water?

According to Henry’s Law, the partial pressure of a gas in the vapour phase is proportional to which quantity in the solution?

Increasing the pressure above the liquid significantly increases the solubility of which state of matter in the liquid?

What is the main purpose of introducing the Van’t Hoff factor ?

Which type of solution is formed when alcohol is dissolved in water?

Which property is characteristic of a solution showing positive deviation from Raoult’s law?

Raoult’s Law can be considered a special case of which other gas solubility law?

Which property is classified as a Colligative Property?

What defines an Azeotrope?

When a non-volatile solute is added to a liquid solvent, what happens to the resulting solution’s vapour pressure?

If a solute dissociates completely into four ions (e.g., AlCl3), what would be the ideal Van’t Hoff factor ?

Osmosis is the net flow of which component across a semipermeable membrane?

For a dilute solution of a non-electrolyte like urea or glucose, what is the theoretical value of the Van’t Hoff factor ?

The cryoscopic constant (Kf) is associated with which colligative property calculation?

A solution that obeys Raoult’s Law over the entire range of concentration and temperature is defined as:

If external pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to a solution, forcing the solvent to flow out, this process is called:

The pressure required to stop the net flow of solvent into the solution across a semipermeable membrane is known as:

What is the sum of the mole fractions of all components in a binary solution?

Which concentration unit is independent of temperature?

Desalination of seawater typically uses a process based on applying external pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure. What is this process?

Raoult’s Law for a liquid-liquid solution states that the partial vapour pressure of each component is directly proportional to its:

The number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of the solution is defined as what?

Which equation correctly relates osmotic pressure , concentration (C), temperature (T), and the gas constant (R)?

For the solubility of a gas in a liquid, what is the effect of increasing temperature?

Which expression defines Mass percentage (w/w)?

Soda water bottle seals are maintained at high pressure to maximize CO2 dissolution, illustrating the application of which law?

The boiling point of a solution containing a non-volatile solute is always ______ the boiling point of the pure solvent.

If the dissolution of a solid in a liquid is an endothermic process, how does temperature affect its solubility?

A 10% (w/V) solution implies 10 grams of solute are present in what volume of solution?

Colligative properties depend primarily on: