Astrology is not a scientific approach used in psychology.

Collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and interdependence.

Reciprocal determinism is the mutual influence of behaviour, environment and personal factors.

Central traits are general characteristic dispositions forming personality.

Independent self is common in individualistic cultures emphasizing autonomy.

It concerns the relative contributions of genes and environment to personality.

Personality is the enduring pattern of traits and behaviours that characterize an individual.

Personal identity comprises unique traits, abilities and personal attributes.

Self-monitoring is adjusting one’s behaviour according to situational cues.

Openness to experience is one of the Big Five factors.

Self-actualization is at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

The id operates on the pleasure principle seeking immediate gratification.

Rogers described the fully functioning person as someone progressing toward self-actualization.

Social identity comes from group memberships and roles.

Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.

Self-regulation is the process of controlling thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.

Interdependent self focuses on relationships and social roles.

Cattell’s source traits underlie surface traits.

Adler highlighted inferiority feelings and striving for superiority.

Jung described introversion and extraversion as basic attitudes.

Interactionism holds that both personal traits and situational factors shape behaviour.

It helps understand individual differences in behaviour and adjustment.

Jung proposed the collective unconscious containing archetypes.

Skinner emphasized operant conditioning—behaviour shaped by reinforcement.

Sheldon proposed endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph body types linked to temperament.

Neuroticism–stability is one of Eysenck’s biological dimensions.

Observational learning involves modeling behaviour by observing others.

Behavioural assessment uses observation to record real-life behaviour.

Self-concept is the set of beliefs a person holds about themselves.

Rorschach is a projective test using ambiguous inkblots for interpretation.

Repression involves keeping threatening impulses out of conscious awareness.

Personality inventories are standardized questionnaires assessing traits.

Sattva, rajas and tamas are guna-based qualities describing temperament and personality.

Self refers to awareness and knowledge of one’s own identity.

Self-esteem is the overall evaluation of one’s worth.