12 Chemistry – Amines
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This reaction retains the diazo group and links two aromatic systems.
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1. When an aromatic diazonium salt reacts with phenol in a slightly alkaline medium, the reaction results in the formation of a colored azo dye. This is an example of which reaction type?
This is wrong answer.
Yes. You are Correct.
This is a specific example of a Coupling Reaction.
This derivative is a common carbonyl-containing product.
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2. What type of derivative is formed when an amine undergoes Acylation?
Acylation (reaction with acyl chlorides/anhydrides) results in the formation of amides.
This requires low temperature (0–5°C).
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3. The process of preparing aromatic diazonium salts from primary aromatic amines is specifically named:
The preparation of Diazonium Salts is termed Diazotisation.
Classification depends on the number of carbon groups attached to Nitrogen.
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4. How is a tertiary amine (3°) defined based on the structure of amines?
A tertiary amine is one where the nitrogen atom is attached to three alkyl or aryl groups.
This refers to the reaction of alkyl halides with ammonia.
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5. Which preparation method for amines results in the formation of a mixture of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, making yield control difficult?
The Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is listed as a preparation method, but the reaction generates a mixture of 1°, 2°, and 3° amines and quaternary ammonium salt.
This process increases the degree of amine (e.g., 1° to 2°).
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6. The reaction of primary amines with alkyl halides to introduce an alkyl group onto the nitrogen atom is known as:
This chemical reaction is termed Alkylation.
These reactions involve the diazonium ion reacting with phenols or amines.
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7. The category of reactions involving diazonium salts where the N₂ group is retained in the product, often forming colored dyes, is known as:
These reactions are explicitly listed as Coupling Reactions.
Boiling point is affected by the extent of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
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8. What general trend is observed regarding the boiling points of isomeric primary, secondary, and tertiary amines?
Primary amines have two H atoms available for hydrogen bonding, secondary amines have one, and tertiary amines have none, leading to the order 1° > 2° > 3°.
The amino (-NH₂) group is a powerful ortho/para directing activator.
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9. Direct bromination of Aniline results in the formation of which heavily substituted product?
Direct bromination of Aniline yields 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.
The reagents typically include bromine and an alkali.
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10. The conversion of an amide into an amine containing one carbon atom less than the original amide is achieved by which specific reaction?
The Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction results in an amine with one less carbon atom.
Secondary and tertiary amines do not undergo this reaction.
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11. The Carbylamine Reaction (Isocyanide Test) is used specifically to test for the presence of which structural class of amines?
The Carbylamine Reaction is used as a test for primary (1°) amines (both aliphatic and aromatic).
This is one of the crucial named reactions for replacing the N₂ group.
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12. The replacement of the diazo group by a halide (Cl or Br) or cyanide (CN) using cuprous salts (Cu₂X₂) is known as the:
This reaction type, involving cuprous halides or cuprous cyanide, is specifically the Sandmeyer Reaction.
Aromatic amines involve resonance effects.
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13. Why is Aniline significantly less basic than aliphatic amines?
In Aniline, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen is delocalized into the benzene ring due to resonance, making the electrons less available for protonation, thereby reducing its basicity.
This requires a strong reducing agent like LiAlH₄ or catalytic hydrogenation.
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14. Which reagent is typically used to prepare amines via the Reduction of nitriles?
Reduction of nitriles is a listed preparation method and uses LiAlH₄ or H₂/Ni.
Check the list of replacement reactions.
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15. Which of the following is NOT listed as a reaction involving the replacement of the Nitrogen (N₂) group in a diazonium salt?
The listed replacement reactions include replacement by halide/cyanide, iodide, fluoride, H, and other groups (OH, NO₂ implied by the list of replacement groups). Coupling reactions retain the diazo group.
This introduces an acyl group (RCO).
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16. The reaction of amines with acid chlorides or anhydrides, leading to the formation of amides, is called:
This specific reaction type is listed as Acylation.
This involves treatment with fluoroboric acid (HBF₄).
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17. Which named reaction involves the replacement of the diazo group by a Fluoride ion (F⁻) in diazonium salts?
The replacement by the Fluoride ion is known as the Balz–Schiemann Reaction.
This method involves phthalimide.
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18. Which preparation method is specifically used for the synthesis of only primary alkyl amines and not aromatic amines?
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is listed as a method for preparing amines, which is particularly useful for synthesizing 1° alkyl amines, avoiding mixtures.
This requires a metal and an acid, such as tin/iron and HCl.
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19. What reagents are typically used for the reduction of nitro compounds to produce amines?
Reduction of nitro compounds uses reagents like Sn/HCl or Fe/HCl or catalytic hydrogenation.
The reduction replaces the C=O bond with CH₂.
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20. Reduction of amides using LiAlH₄ (or similar reducing agents) yields which product?
Reduction of amides (RCONH₂) yields amines (RCH₂NH₂).
The shape results from four electron domains, one of which is non-bonding.
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21. In the structure of amines, the nitrogen atom is sp³ hybridised and the geometry is pyramidal. This shape is due to:
The pyramidal shape is due to the presence of three bonding pairs and one non-bonding lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
The activating power of the -NH₂ group must be reduced.
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22. What must be done to prevent the formation of polysubstituted products when Aniline undergoes electrophilic substitution like Nitration?
For controlled substitution reactions (like Nitration), the high reactivity of the -NH₂ group must be controlled, usually by Acylation.
This test also helps differentiate between the three classes of amines.
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23. The reaction of amines with Arylsulphonyl Chloride is commonly known as which distinguishing test?
The reaction with Arylsulphonyl Chloride is referred to as Hinsberg’s Test.
Their utility lies mainly in transforming aromatic structures.
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24. Diazonium salts play an important role in the synthesis of which class of compounds?
Diazonium Salts are important in the synthesis of Aromatic Compounds.
This product is often used as a test for primary amines.
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25. Which distinctive, foul-smelling product characterizes a positive result for the Carbylamine Reaction (Isocyanide test)?
The Carbylamine Reaction produces isocyanides.
Consider the electron-donating capability of the alkyl group.
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26. When comparing the basicity of alkylamines with ammonia in the gaseous phase, which factor is primarily responsible for the difference?
The electron-releasing inductive effect (+I effect) of the alkyl group stabilizes the alkylammonium ion, making alkylamines more basic than ammonia.
Solubility requires interaction with water molecules.
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27. Lower aliphatic amines are soluble in water primarily because of their ability to form:
Lower members of amines can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, leading to solubility.
Basicity is derived from the ability to donate an electron pair.
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28. Amines act as Lewis bases due to the presence of which structural feature?
The basic character of amines is attributed to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which can be donated.
This difference in reactivity is key to identification.
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29. The reaction of 1°, 2°, and 3° amines with Nitrous Acid (NaNO₂/HCl) is primarily utilized for:
The reaction with Nitrous Acid is used for the distinction between amines (1°, 2°, and 3°).
This is defined under the Structure and Classification sections.
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30. The term 1°, 2°, and 3° is used to classify amines based on the number of:
Amines are classified based on the number of alkyl/aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.
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