By definition in the sources, an event having only one outcome is called an elementary event.

The sources state that the probability of an event is a number such that \( 0 \leq P( E ) \leq 1 \).

The events are complementary. Therefore, \( P( R ) = 1 – P( S ) = 1 – 0.62 = 0.38 \).

There are 4 aces in a deck of 52 cards. Thus, the probability is \( \frac{ 4 }{ 52 } = \frac{ 1 }{ 13 } \).

The possible outcomes are \( ( H, H ), ( H, T ), ( T, H ), ( T, T ) \). Favourable outcomes are 3, so \( P = \frac{ 3 }{ 4 } \).

The sources explain that a deck consists of 4 suits: spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs.

Two-digit numbers are from 10 to 90, which totals 81 numbers. Probability = \( \frac{ 81 }{ 90 } = \frac{ 9 }{ 10 } \).

Each die has 6 outcomes, so for two dice, the total outcomes are \( 6 \times 6 = 36 \).

There is only 1 favourable outcome out of 365 possible days, so \( P = \frac{ 1 }{ 365 } \).

The sources define Kings, Queens, and Jacks as face cards. There are 3 in each of the 4 suits, totalling 12.

Using the formula \( P( \bar{ E } ) = 1 – P( E ) \), we get \( 1 – 0.05 = 0.95 \).

Total pens = \( 132 + 12 = 144 \). Good pens = 132. Probability = \( \frac{ 132 }{ 144 } = \frac{ 11 }{ 12 } \).

Probability cannot be negative or greater than 1. Thus, -1.5 is impossible.

According to the sources, the theoretical probability is the ratio of the number of outcomes favourable to \( E \) to the number of all possible outcomes of the experiment.

Odd numbers between 1 and 8 are 1, 3, 5, 7 (4 outcomes). Probability = \( \frac{ 4 }{ 8 } = \frac{ 1 }{ 2 } \).

Total balls = 8. Number of balls that are not red (black) = 5. So, \( P = \frac{ 5 }{ 8 } \).

There are 2 ‘A’s out of 6 faces. Probability = \( \frac{ 2 }{ 6 } = \frac{ 1 }{ 3 } \).

The possible prime numbers on a die are 2, 3, and 5. There are 3 favourable outcomes out of 6, so \( P = \frac{ 3 }{ 6 } = \frac{ 1 }{ 2 } \).